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ft f The Era gives more home news week than any two other papers in North York combined and is acknowledged to be the Leading County Paper NORTH YORK INTELLIGENCER AND ADVERTISER Give mo liberty to know to utter and to argue freely according to conscience above all other liberty iin No Copies Each No paper sent outside of North Verb unless paid in advanco Newmarket Ont Friday March 2 per annum Grand Jewel Cook Sold To Date They are Fuel Havers Will Burn Coal If Desired PAINT Try our Coal Oils OILS GLASS ETC NEWMARKET The Home Bakery Haying purchased this Albert and retained the of Mr Clifton whoso has won each a reputation in New and vicinity I by strict at entln to of tlie Best Materials to merit ft of public iJironKe Special attention Will be given to Fancy nil kinds and par ticularly for ordered Pastry ay well aa Wedding i solicited JACK Do you realize Its Possibilities THE places you within easy dial subscribers Ontario and Quebec besides a vast field in the States HOT YOU emus A Careful Fitter Colonist Excursions TO THE Canadian North lest I Will leave Toronto via North Bay at pm and April if oilers Bleeping Care lor passengers with ordinary be attached to train Lattices The are Impartiint 15 material Gut unci all three Stems will be alt Our are not high lor yon but theyre high enough to infill jau the workman- 11 trial coy Toronto at pm and will run Winnipeg Colonist Sleeping Cars for an train their stock will be acUed train leaving Toronto at and will run to Winnipeg- will be free In these and can bo by application to Grand Trunk Tickets and all from Agents Grand Trunk Railway System A Agent Newmarket Passenger Agent Wholesale Retail if Two North Store A Fresh Supply Twice a Week of A Cofl Bacon Lard The best and Mildest Cured on Market today A- trial will con vmct Alec Flour Rolled Corn Meal Butter Salt Canned Corn Pea Feat Honey Ac Order filled on the notice Plulttt will relieve pain quick thin any other Put up only la yard folk The allow you to cut the Every family should oho ready for a of fmluMftnt J Meeting -oxo- p Exceedingly Interesting arid Profitable BUY CORN CORN CHOP And FEED of all kinds L O U Manitoba Family and Pastry COAL WOOD J WILSONS Cor Main and to If uiiu or woman or large montlily York Farmers Institute hold a mooting in Fri day afternoon but tho wa nothing it have been Why farmer slow to appreciate rneotr of this kind always a surprise to people in other walks of life Tradesmen and men of the various professions consider it money well spent to pay railway fares and hotel hills to attend Conventions hut with Government aid as these brought almost to doors of and yet they decline to profit thereby At meeting last Friday Mr Simpson Ronnie of a man who has made a wonderful success of farming particularly in root cul ture having taken First Prizes and Seconds at the Toronto Industrial last year out of entries and since the Industrial was opened has taken more prize in roots than all other ex hibitor put together was present and besides Riving a splendid address showed a willingness to answer any question that was put to giving the benefit of years of experimenting cons He first spoke about the culture of corn and following is the sub stance Plant by hand not more than three grains in a hill and if early inches deep to escape frost stalks give bettor results than Give a good harrowing just as the weeds are coming up and a second harrowing when the corn is or inches high If corn draws down with the hind teeth use a onehorse power cultivator and keep tho ground nicely stirred between the rows HOW DOCTOR CROWS When butchering throw some refuse within easy shooting distance of the ham When the crows alight secure half a dozen of them and put them away somewhere until you sow your corn Then take carcasses of birds tear them to pieces and scatter them all over the field Not a crow will come near enough to disturb a grain especially if you stick a feather up here and there Cultivation is now the principal thing Keep it till the corn is above your head The soil needs to be loosened so that the air will thru it and the plants a breathing chance at the roots He showed corn against samples at Fair last year and won tho prize which is a pretty good guar antee that bis plan is the best Use a grubber extending 10 or inches in the ground and tilt the handle so as to run right under the plant but not close enough to disturb the Work with a short and muzzle the horse with a piece of old bag so as not to injure the growing stalk Pulverize after every heavy rain Corn for the silo should good cultivation until three feet high and then it will ripen early CARROTS Sow inches apart slightly ridged ground lbs to the acre is if sown evenly and Sugar Beets require from to lbs to the acre Start the cultivator or as some call it early as soon as plants to show in the row It is a great mistake to wait till the field is green all over Weeds bill twice as easily just when they are com ing through the ground left till they are large they impoverish the the soil cause a great deal more labor are likely to clomp together and still grow Always roll the is no danger if the aeod is good in fact beet and seed will not grow unless the earth is packed well around it Carrots to Inches apart with hoe beets and from to iSO inches Sugar beets will grow nearly as many tons to the aero at also take the place of carrots and Sow carrots and sugar beets about May Sugar keep bettor than POTATOES In getting the land ready plow the manure under about five inches let it lay two weeks then go over the field with a spring tooth Mark the rows with spikes in a plank Plant potatoes in rows to apart and cover with heavy furrow you want to grow large potatoes you must plant from large potatoes- nice shape and good size Just as im portant to sow nice large grain Cut to one or two eyes in a set Plant from to Mayearly in the morning or late in the after noon Harrow after 10 days Start to cultivate when potatoes are inches high Never bank up Observe rotation of crops and keep the fertility of the soil at the surface Seed down with barley and clover Sow early and have ground nice and loose TURNIPS Liberal manure and thorough culti vation the of success Sow to lbs to the acre about 12th or of June Have land nice and loose Drill lightly Keep on cultivating every week or There is more benefit to plow in ten days wet or dry till the plants turnip tops than to feed them but You can use Paris Green mix ture at the same time equal titiea Spray first when the buds begin to swell 2nd spray just before the bloom 3rd spray after bloom com mences to fall spray about two weeks after The mixture will not cost more than 10c a tree and you save your crop FALL CULTIVATION Mr Ronnie then followed on above subject and the advantage of fol lowing some system of rotation His system was to break the sod and sow with peas then fall wheat then roots then barley and seeded with grass followed by two year mow ing and one of pasture years The importance of one year in clover was incidentally mentioned Plow sod in the fall though if you have a spring tooth harrow you can plow sod in the spring If you use the dieo harrow go over the land twice The disc harrow and cultivator is better than plowing Clean the land by cultivating im mediately after harvest Plow later on The result is more than will repay for extra stirring Plow with wide shear or gang plow some do it with disc harrow but I prefer the plow Do not plow deep Harrow then a late plowing will certainly destroy the weeds Have plows ready in harvest time and turn the in out right after a show er when the grain is not fit to handle Pigeon weed wild flax wild oats and chess can be killed by this pro cess Increase tiiJ rjujtd with tt The Masonic Temple of London was by Inst Friday Children for CASTOR I A are grown more easily For rniloh cows hogs and poultry there w nothing to improved sugar beet they nearly an balanced ration Bow deep with a drill meet in the row Run the grubber or twice between the rows or inches apart Thin plants to or 2D inches apart Until last year the heaviest turnip on record after the top was taken off was lbs Notwithstanding the dry season last year Mr grew a turnip that weighed Its sugar beet lbs and red globe lbs Manure all over rather than in the rows in the afternoon CARE OF FRUIT TREES Mr Ore of gave an excel lent talk on how to manage orchards eto so aa to be most profitable and he evidently understood his business Those who depend on fruit for a living learn how to surround the trees with such conditions as will make them bear annually and thus maintain their markets by keeping a steady sup- Ply- There are species of insect that feed upon our apple trees By familiarizing ourselves with these we find the insects all come under two classes Masticatory or biting insects and For the first class Paris Green is the best poison known as it can be relied on for even strength and it is not London Purple will dissolve and has an injurious effect on the leaf of Paris Green is plenty for gals of water out no damage to the leaf will result to use with a little lime to the same quantity of water Orchards side by aide with those not sprayed have been proved that Paris Green will kill the tent cater pillar Keep foliage in perfect condition and remove all from the orchard Spray the underside as well as the top of the leaves The codling moth the pink worm in the apple can be removed by a bandage around the trunk of the tree having previously removed the rough bark Examine every two weeks till the middle Aug and kill the grub To kill the rial insects spray with kerosene emulsion White wash the trees with and clean the limbs and twigs with soft warm days in the latter part of winter or early spring For plant lice spray in the middle of April with kerosene emulsion For plum trees use whale oil soap or tobacco water For Fungus disease use lbs of and lbs copper sulphate in gala of water Put tho sulphate in your barrel water and Lime If there is not enough lime the mixture will burn leaf plow light Manure on Bod for peas is not necessary Manure for root crop and keep down the weeds Kill the thistle the same as the Canadian thistle Keep them from making headway Hoe or spud them off if they appear in the grain fields Five cuttings at will thoroughly destroy them On motion of air Geo of Whitchurch seconded by Mr of a very hearty vote of thanks presented to the for their practical addresses and the with which various questions answered Over 20 names were added to the list making a total of members to the North York Farmers Institute Between and men were pres ent and everybody went away well pleased with the information received England Could Easily Pay off her Na tional Debt if She Called in her Loans Nearly All tries are Borrowers It would be difficult to find a harsh epithet which has not been applied to Great by her enemies but its worst enemy can never accuse John Bull of being in any way related to John may have his faults but the fault of being harsh to his debtors is not them But own national deh of something like 650000000 hangs heavily around her neck but she could pay off tomorrow if all the debts owing to her by other nations were called in In one way or another of late years Britain has lent money to nearly country in the world and at the present moment it is said there is not much less than two thousand millions sterling owing to Great Brit ain by various Governments Some of the money is owing war indem nity but much of it probably of it is owing in respect of loans Nations like individuals are often in the unhappy state known impecun ious and in such circumstances they invariably look to the nation they can beat trust for help In this way Great Britain has advanced money from time to time to not far short of a hun dred nations or States or cities and there are now some fiftysix heavy debts still unpaid turkeys enormous debt It is a curious fact that Turkey probably the last country in the world with which we can be said to be on really friendly terms is Britains heaviest debtor The Sultans Gov erament owes her something like a hundred millions sterling If were evenly distributed among the Turks everyone of the Saltans sub jects would owe her and if the money were to be paid back at the rate of a sovereign a minute it would take two centuries to pay the bill Egypt Britain which she is not likely to receive this generation As Egypt owes alto gether over a hundred millions and her total revenue is rarely over John Bull may not hope to receive his money back for many a long day to come As the population is only seven million to clear the debt would mean a tax equal to 11 per head Even America wealthiest nation in advance probably forget that France owes Britain six million pounds less than the debt of Austria- Hungary Holland a heavy Brit ish of per head another little country Norway is low dorm in the list 1 per head It is strange that the American republics should be so conspicuous on Britains list of debtors In addition those already mentioned Chili owes her or per inhabitant Brazil 7 shillings per head Uru guay 10000000 14 per head and Venezuela or per bead Peru 21000000 7 pec head The total debt of these five re publics is oyer fifty millions It in another- republic however that the figiires appear most startling namely the Argentine The Govern ment of the Argentine owes Britain an average of nearly 5 per head but the people of a in the Argentina owes her per head while the capital Buenos is down on the debit side of Britains balance sheet for a sum equal to per inhabitant I Scottish American Convention at Too for fast East Township Convention was held in the Methodist Church Sharon on Tuesday last There was a fair attendance and the Convention was profitable Mr Alfred Day was unable to bo present but he sent a very acceptable substitute in the peron of Mr lee of Toronto In the an address on the Relation of the Teacher to the Scholar and Mr Starr of Pine Orchard taught the Les son In the afternoon an open conference was conducted by Mr- Elmer Davis of King on How to interest the young in the Bible Rev Weeks of Newmarket conducted a normal lesson The Life of Christ in a manner both interest ing and instructive Rev Mr of Albert gave able review of the lessons of the past two months In the evening Mr gave an interesting address on Responsi bility Mr was elected Rug Mat and Carpet Makers Always Use the Diamond Dyes They Give the Richest Most Most Lasting Colons Ninetyfive per cent of the raga and other materials used in the manu facture of mats rugs and carpets are colored by the Diamond Dyes Why Because the Diamond Dyes always give to cotton wool and union materials the fullest brightest richest and raost lasting colors sun soap or washing cannot fade Diamond Dye colors Mrs Davidson Covey Hill writes thus have been using your Diamond for many years and they have always given entire satisfaction To day we emptied two packet of your dyes and I am obliged to buy more as We are making sixty yards of rag carpet I have used your cotton I think they are beautiful The stripe in my carpet black green red and yelloware rich I cannot praise Diamond j all well of them for the coming- year Mr J Secretary and Mr but ibH payment of the debt Treasurer row would not trouble cousin Jona than as paltry sum of just over a dollar from each American would satisfy this claim debt is likely to remain unpaid for many years to come however It is about millions and works out at per bead Poor bankrupt Italy would probably be if Britain insisted on immediate payment t The Montreal cotton mills nave closed on account of a dispute with the Between and hands are idle At during a recent bombardment Archdeacon Baker picked op a Boer pholl which mis on point of exploding and dropped into a tub of water it to time It would a tax of for amy inhabitant and its collection would probably be the sigpal of revolution in a country which is already taxed so heavily that poor can hardly find money for bread Czar iV reputed to be a man of enormous wealth but he would want the of many of his nobles to pay his British debts Russia owes Britain nearly fifty million sterling It is a big sum such as would appear crushing in man another country but it is merely a trifle when we consider Russias immense population Eight shillings from each of the Czars sub jects would clear off the debt tomor row OTHER DEBTS ASP DEBTORS It cannot belaid that Great Brit ains generosity is confined to coun tries from which she can reasonably expect favors in return Mexico for instance owes her some thirteen and a half millions while the ancient and unimportant town of Cordova in Southern Spain owes her a modest half million The little African repub lic of Liberia has a bill to pay of a trifle over a shilling per head of the population and Roumania is respon sible for shillings a head Japan and modest in its borrowing flatiefied with a debt of which pence from every Jap would pay and Britain is entitled also to half a crown per head from the Transvaal Cuba owes Britain six millions or shillings per head Portugal 25- or per head the Greeks and Swedes per each French papers when they Britain in term I A Rough the new Hill is a rugged mountain of about feet elevation and nearly miles south and a little west of Lady smith General described it as a bar ren and open slope ridge so of 26000000 borrowed from that guns cannot be placed upon them It of innumerabfe pla teau peakK lying between the River and and is form idable as a place of defence as the first eastern ridges of the Mountains be Old Hill where Sir George fell before the Boers in 1881 is but Kpioit is high enough to have served the purpose of the Boer well this time t Near it crowned by Boer batteries are half a dozen other all higher the one General War ren scaled only to be defeated Some of them are feet in elevation others and feet Guns mounted upon them properly depress ed so that nothing living could upon its Between the are vine affording fine retreats for Boer riflemen whose duty it would bo to harass retreating enemy rocks are rough to climb over and Elected by tree or bush From River to where body of the Boers awaited coming of General is a con- aunt rise of land land such as Brit ish soldiery never even in Afghan istan land that blisters heat by day and is dangerously chill at night total climb before the British to Ladvsaiith la over feet and way is strewn with hostile guns It is a superb spot for the use of artillery in resisting attack of this fact Boers appear to be aware They themselves have calculated according to prei Gen had men at his command bo night these emitli by end of months and at the of over ft H I