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UN Agencies At Work in Ceylon An. Address at Grey County Rally By Mrs. Roy Shields nuals the president mentioned that W9. as Institutes, should work for peace. I wondered if you would like me to tell you what the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations are doing to promote peace in one country, Ceylon. World security cannot be gained while two- thirds of the world is feeling insecure The members of the United Nations realized this and in June, 1950. delegates of 50 nations voted to finance an international programme of aid in agriculture. transport. industry. labour, education, science, finance, health and welfare. The money was given to five Specialized Agencies; the International Labor Organi- zation (ILOl: the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAOJ: the United Nations Eduâ€" cational. Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): The World Health Organization (WHO); and the International Aviation Orâ€" ganization. By 1952 Unesco had received 135 requests from 37 countries and 130 men and women were working in twentyâ€"five countries. The work of these men and women makes one of the most interesting stories of our time, There are two basic principles which the United Nations follows. One is that any assisâ€" tance given must be co-operative. That is. the nation receiving help must contribute more in manâ€"power and resources than the UN. The second principle is that the Special- ized Agencies do not enter a nation to give assistance unless asked by the nation’s author“ ities, By the merest of mere chances, as I was working on this paper my daughter called from the other room to ask me what a certain sentence meant. This was the sentence â€" taken from the Foreword in a book copyâ€" righted in 1914: “Consuls, military and naval officers, merchants, force the ideas and ideals of the West upon the reluctant East.“ (The Call of the East â€" Thurlow Fraser.) The change of attitude shown between the last two paragraphs speaks a great deal for the future peace of the world. Let me give you a short history of Ceylon to illustrate this point. For more than fifty miles out from the modern city of Colombo the country is prosperous and you see luxuri- ant plantations. From there on northeast you are in the “dry zone" of Ceylon. This zone covers threeâ€"fourths of Ceylon, This area was once the most fertile and flourishing civiliâ€" zation in Asia. It was here, more than one a. T ONE of our Grey County District Anâ€" 30 thousand years ago. that an ancient ’ i. Ceylon tamed the swollen rivers of it. season and put them to work in m. fields that made Lanka the granary East, He created a great “tank” to six and river water and then let it run i. controlled manner to the paddy [it-1 edict was “Not a single drop of wail flow down to the sea unused." rWli Canada one thousand years ago? We tll cm. ing a Conservation Authority in Nm' this year!) ‘ Five thousand of these tanks wm iill Unfortunately the enemies of Ceylol .ur how important these tanks were and l. ‘M them. and Lanka became a dry Zn: h». more. This situation remained unchangi; ;' 1933 when the Minister of Agriculture is to put this zone to work to produce rim A the Specialized Agencies were formed w: asked them to come in and help. FA" .1: able to use and teach the use of bu ,. and to show how fertilizers and maan be used. During pre-D.D.T. days malzn \- t-d 57 out of 1000 workers within lill't‘t‘ : In Now the malaria has gone. The I.L.0 url in and is teaching the natives coeop ‘1' "These farmers must be taught how to m- ize so that they can sell their crop: ', selves,“ Tore Hakansson says: “Today. w}: of them are indebted to traders and the\ " gage their crops before they can harvee: :1 And how do you expect them to bu‘ is: machinery if they don’t co-operate".J Th: -1 age native has five acres and you no win hundred if a tractor is to be a profita vestment. If we teach them to pull to v::. they’ll be able to mechanize." ILO also teaches carpentry and mat .- ing. The material for mats grows right i: Hr jungles but they have been exporting ‘lld then buying back the finished mat. Mn in: very necessary to the Ceylon household _;,-n bee-keeping is being taught. WHO is another agency working in t :0“ and under Leon Bickham. Health in no 21‘“ Ceylon is good and personal cleanlines at a high level but he sees some ways in .L'h it can be improved. 1. Educating them to plant vegetabl .31- dens to vary their staple diet of 1 2. Improving their cadjan huts by Sui." “w more light and ventilation. 3. Disposing of their rubbish through l 1P“ facilities and eliminating fly 101'L “‘3 grounds. 4. Education in use of latrines. HOME AND coomnt